Citibank is a major international bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, later First National City Bank of New York. Citibank is now the consumer banking arm of financial services giant Citigroup, one of the largest companies in the world. As of June 2009, Citigroup is the third largest bank holding company in the United States by total assets.
Citibank has retail banking operations in more than 100 countries and territories around the world. More than half of its 1,400 offices are in the United States, mostly in the New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco/Silicon Valley, and Miami. More recently, Citi has expanded to include the Boston, Philadelphia, Houston, Dallas, and Washington D.C. metropolitan areas, albiet with a mixed record of success[2]. It was reported that Citigroup executives were pleased with the performance of the Boston branches, but were less impressed with the Philadelphia experiment, according to a person familiar with the situation.
On September 24, 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Citi planned to narrow the focus of Citigroup's U.S. branch network to just six major metropolitan areas, including New York, Washington, Miami, Chicago, San Francisco and Los Angeles, where Citi has a substantial presence but ranks no higher than No. 3 in deposits. The article also noted that Citi could abandon or scale back where it is an also-ran, including Boston, Philadelphia and parts of Texas, according to people with knowledge of the discussions.
In addition to the standard banking transactions, Citibank offers insurance, credit card and investment products. Their online services division is among the most successful in the field, claiming about 15 million users.
As a result of the Global financial crisis of 2008–2009 and huge losses in the value of its subprime mortgage assets, Citibank was rescued by the U.S. government under plans agreed for Citigroup. On November 23, 2008, in addition to initial aid of $25 billion, a further $25 billion was invested in the corporation together with guarantees for risky assets amounting to $306 billion.
Established on 26 September 1955, CIMB Niaga is currently the seventh largest bank in Indonesia in terms of assets. CIMB Niaga has the second-largest position in mortgage lending, currently commanding around 10% market share. The majority of the Bank's equity had been held by Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Berhad (BCHB) since 25 November 2002 and on 16 August 2007 was transferred to CIMB Group Sdn Bhd, a wholly owned subsidiary of BCHB. As the first local bank to introduce ATM services in 1987 and also on-line banking system in 1991, CIMB Niaga is well regarded as one of the most innovative banks in Indonesia.
Over the years, CIMB Niaga has been well regarded for its track record in customer service excellence. Through the extensive branch offices and ATM network, as well as wide range of sophisticated electronic channels, CIMB Niaga offers a highly personalised banking experience to its customers. In 2006, CIMB Niaga was awarded "The Most Consistent Bank in Service Excellence" by the Marketing Research Indonesia (MRI).
CIMB Niaga's vision: To be the most trusted Indonesian bank that is part of South East Asias leading universal bank by understanding our customers' needs, providing the right comprehensive financial solution and building lifetime relationship.
Core Values:
- Integrity Is Everything
- Always Put Customer First
- Passion For Excellence
Initially referred to by its unabbreviated name of Bank Negara Indonesia when it was established in 1946, BNI is the first bank formed and owned by the Indonesian Government.
Historical records indicate that on of the eve of the 30th of October 1946, or merely a few months after its formal establishment, the Bank distributed the first currency bills ever issued by Indonesia’s Government popularly known at the time as ORI, or ‘Oeang Republik Indonesia’ (Currency of the Republic of Indonesia). In fact, this day is commemorated annually as the National Finance Day while the date of the Bank's establishment - the 5th of July - was designated as National Bank Day.
Bank Negara Indonesia's role as the circulation and central bank was duly terminated in 1949 following the government’s appointment of the former Dutch-controlled bank, De Javasche Bank, as Indonesia's Central Bank . The Bank, subsequently designated as a development bank, was later granted the rights to provide foreign reserve services that allowed it access to direct foreign transactions.
Enhanced by increased capitalization, the Bank's legal status was formally changed to that of a state-owned commercial Bank in 1995. This provided the Bank with the foundation to provide better and wider range of both access and services for the country's business sectors.
In its quest to competitively differentiate itself from its competitors, the Bank decided, towards the end of 1968, to attach its year of establishment to its corporate name to become Bank Negara Indonesia 1946. The Bank was therefore popularly referred to, for decades, as 'BNI 46'. The simpler name of 'Bank BNI' was adopted in 1988 along with the change of the corporate identity.
BNI’s legal status was upgraded in 1992 to that of a state-owned limited corporation under the name of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) and the bank decided to become a public company through its initial public offering of its shares in 1996.
BNI's ability to adapt to environmental, socio-cultural and technological advances is reflected through the continuous refinement of its corporate identity which is carried out to suit the changing demands and trends of the times. This adaptability signifies the Bank's dedication and commitment towards continuous improvement of its performance.
A refined corporate identity was introduced in 2004 that reflects the positive prospects for the future after a year of struggle characterized by a period of hardship. A shorter name of 'BNI' subsequently replaced the former 'Bank BNI', while the year of its establishment - '46' - was exposed through the logomark to reinforce the pride and distinction that the Bank had in being the country's first national bank.
In keeping with the spirit of the heroic national struggle that is rooted in its history, BNI strives to provide the best services for the country and to ultimately become the Pride of the Nation, today and always.
BRI was founded in 1895, during the Dutch colonial period as "De Poerwokertosche Hulp en Spaarbank der Inlandsche Hoofden", by Raden Aria Wirjaatmadja. It then underwent its first (of many) name changes to "Hulp-en Spaarbank der Inlandsche Bestuurs Ambtenaren" (tr. Aid and Savings Bank for Local Civil Servants).
Going through several name changes, its final name during the colonial period was "Algemene Volkscredietbank (AVB)", or People's General Credit Bank, in 1934. This translates loosely into Indonesian as "Bank Rakyat Serikat". At this point it was one of the largest institutions in the (then) colony.
The bank's operations were affected by the Japanese occupation during the 1942 to 1945 period of World War II, including a further name change to "Shomin Ginkou" (tr. "People's Bank"). After the Indonesian declaration of independence, on 17 August 1945 the bank was officially nationalised by the new government and then re-named "Bank Rakyat Indonesia Serikat".
As a bank, wholly owned by the government, BRI's structure then largely followed government whim, which moved rapidly towards socialism under President Sukarno and then to stateauthoritarianism under President Suharto. This involved being folded into, and then out of, Bank Indonesia (now the central bank of Indonesia). BRI gained its current name and status in 1992.
BRI was nearly unique in Indonesia in the East Asian financial crisis of 1997, in that its operations were largely unaffected. This was because it had very little, if any, lending in foreign currencies or to the large corporations that had been borrowing heavily overseas, as most of the other large Indonesian banks had.
Since then BRI has been concentrating on increasing its core business and improving its risk management practices. As part of the reformasi (reform) process in Indonesia since 1998, the government has been steadily reducing its influence on the Bank's day to day operations, culminating in its IPO. It is also seeking to comply with the Basel II accords, as mandated byBank Indonesia, by 2008.
BCA was first founded on 21 February 1957 as Bank Central Asia NV. A lot of things have happened since then—the most significant of all being perhaps the Asian monetary crisis in 1997.
Although this crisis had a tremendous impact on
Thanks to its management’s business sagacity and shrewd decision making, full recovery was accomplished later in the same year. In December of 1998, third-party funds were back at the pre-crisis level. BCA’s assets stood at Rp 67.93 trillion, as opposed to Rp 53.36 trillion in December 1997. Public confidence in BCA was fully restored, and BCA was released by IBRA to BI in 2000.
Subsequently, BCA took a major step by going public. The IPO took place in 2000, selling 22.55% of BCA’s shares that were being divested by IBRA. After the IPO, the agency still controlled 70.30% of BCA’s total shares. The second Public Offering took place in June and July of 2001, with IBRA divesting an additional 10% of its interest in BCA.
In 2002, IBRA divested 51% of its BCA shares through a strategic private placement tender. The Mauritius-based Farindo Investment, Ltd won the tender. Today, BCA continues to strengthen its tradition of good corporate governance, full compliance with regulations, sound risk management and the commitment to its customers both as a transactional bank and an institution for financial intermediation.